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aurkb  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Structured Review

    Cell Signaling Technology Inc aurkb
    Aurkb, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 143 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/aurkb/Aurora+B%2FAIM1+Antibody/pm41637535-69-23-25
    Average 94 stars, based on 143 article reviews
    aurkb - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: USP29 activation mediated by FUBP1 promotes AURKB stability and oncogenic functions in gastric cancer.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies for USP29 (Cat# AP2153c, Abcepta), AURKB (Cat# 3094, CST), FUBP1 (Cat# A5587, Abclonal), Flag-tag (Cat# 20543-1-AP, Proteintech), Keywords Gastric Cancer, USP29, AURKB, FUBP1, Targeted therapy HA-tag (Cat# AE008, Abclonal), Myc-tag (Cat# AE009, Abclonal), ACTIN (Cat# 66009-1-Ig, Proteintech) were purchased from indicated companies.

    SDS Page:

    Article Title: AURKB as a Therapeutic Target and Key Driver of Liver Cancer Growth and Metastasis.
    Article Snippet: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide.. Aurora kinase B (AURKB), a critical regulator of mitosis, has been implicated in cancer progression, though its precise role in HCC remains unclear.. In this study, AURKB expression was found to be significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared to controls, as validated by GEPIA and ENCORI databases.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: AURKB as a Therapeutic Target and Key Driver of Liver Cancer Growth and Metastasis.
    Article Snippet: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide.. Aurora kinase B (AURKB), a critical regulator of mitosis, has been implicated in cancer progression, though its precise role in HCC remains unclear.. In this study, AURKB expression was found to be significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cell lines compared to controls, as validated by GEPIA and ENCORI databases.

    Article Title: Targeted Extracellular Vesicles Deliver Asiaticoside to Inhibit AURKB/DRP1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission and Attenuate Hypertrophic Scar Formation.
    Article Snippet: Following denaturation, protein separation was achieved through SDS-PAGE (7.5% or 12.5% gels) and electrotransferred onto PVDF membranes (IPVH00010, Millipore). .. Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies specific to: DRP1 (4E11B11, Cell Signaling, 1:1000), phospho-DRP1 Ser616 (AF8470, Affinity, 1:1000), phospho-DRP1 Ser637 (DF2980, Affinity, 1:1000), AURKB (3094T, Cell Signaling, 1:1000), GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, Proteintech, 1:50000), and β-tubulin (10094-1-AP, Proteintech, 1:10000). .. Detection was accomplished using HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (A0208 and A0216, Beyotime, 1:1000).

    Article Title: A novel combination of CDK4/6 and PI3K inhibitors exhibits highly synergistic activity and translational potential in Ewing sarcoma
    Article Snippet: .. Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies directed against AURKA (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 3092S), AURKB (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 3094S), phospho-S6 (S240/244) (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 5364S), total S6 (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 2217S), phospho-4EBP1 (T37/46) (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 2855S), total 4EBP1 (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 9644S), Cyclin B1 (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 4138S), GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology catalog No 5174S), vinculin (ABCAM catalog No AB129002). ..

    Transduction:

    Article Title: Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies used in this study for DigiWest were the following: β-actin (Sigma, A1978, AMBRA1 (Cell Signaling, 24907), ATM (Cell Signaling, 2873), ATR (Cell Signaling, 2790), AURKA (Cell Signaling, 4718), AURKB (Cell Signaling, 3094), BUB1B (Cell Signaling, 5421), Caspase3 (Cell Signaling, 9662), CDK1 (Cell Signaling, 9112), CDK1-pTyr15 (Cell Signaling, 4539), CDC25A (abm, Y021163), CDC25A-pSer75 (abm, Y011138), CDC25B (R&D, AF1649), CDC27 (Transduction Laboratories, C40920), CDK2 (Cell Signaling, 2546), CDK2-pThr160 (Cell Signaling, 2561), CDK3 (abcam, ab135805), CDK4 (Cell Signaling, 2906), CDK4-pThr172 (Invitrogen, PA-64482), CDK5 (Cell Signaling, 2506), CDK6 (Cell Signaling, 13331), CDK6-pTyr13 (biorbyt, orb15013), CDK6-pTyr24 (biorbyt, orb15014), CHK2 (Cell Signaling, 3440), CHK2-pThr68 (Cell Signaling, 2661), c-MYC (Cell Signaling, 9402), c-MYC-pThr58 (ThermoFisher, PA5-37654), c-MYC-pThr62/Ser62 (abcam, ab32029), cyclin A (abcam, ab53054), cyclin B1 (abcam, ab32053), cyclin D1 (Cell Signaling, 2926), cyclin D1-pThr286 (ThermoFisher, PA5-37487), cyclin D2 (Cell Signaling, 3741), cyclin D3 (Cell Signaling, 2936), cyclin E1 (Cell Signaling, 4129), cyclin E2 (Cell Signaling, 4132), E2F-2 (Millipore, DR1095), E2F-4 (biorbyt, orb10571), histone H3-pSer28 (Millipore, 07–145), hisotne H3-pSer10 (Cell Signaling, 9701), MCM2 (Cell Signaling, 3619), MCM2-pSer139 (Cell Signaling, 8861), MDM2 (Santa Cruz, sc-965), MDM2-pSer166 (Cell Signaling, 3521), p16 (ProteinTech Group, 10883-1-AP), p21 (Cell Signaling, 2947), p27 (Cell Signaling, 3698), p53 (Santa Cruz, sc-126), p53-pSer37 (Cell Signaling, 9289), p53-pSer15 (Cell Signaling, 9284), RB (Cell Signaling, 9313), RB-pSer807/Ser811 (Cell Signaling, 8516), RB-pSer780 (Cell Signaling, 3590), RB-pSer608 (Cell Signaling, 8147), RB-pSer795 (Cell Signaling, 9301), RBPSUH (Cell Signaling, 5313), RPA2 p34 (Millipore, 04–1481), Survivin (Cell Signaling, 2802), TOPK (Cell Signaling, 4942), and TOPO 2 alpha (Santa Cruz, sc-13058). .. In order to overexpress either 3xFLAG tag alone or 3xFLAG-AMBRA1 in ATRT cells, we first generated lentiviral plasmids N174-MCS (Puro) (Addgene #81068) carrying either 3xFLAG or 3xFLAG-AMBRA1.

    Article Title: Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies used in this study for DigiWest were the following: β-actin (Sigma, A1978, AMBRA1 (Cell Signaling, 24907), ATM (Cell Signaling, 2873), ATR (Cell Signaling, 2790), AURKA (Cell Signaling, 4718), AURKB (Cell Signaling, 3094), BUB1B (Cell Signaling, 5421), Caspase3 (Cell Signaling, 9662), CDK1 (Cell Signaling, 9112), CDK1-pTyr15 (Cell Signaling, 4539), CDC25A (abm, Y021163), CDC25A-pSer75 (abm, Y011138), CDC25B (R&D, AF1649), CDC27 (Transduction Laboratories, C40920), CDK2 (Cell Signaling, 2546), CDK2-pThr160 (Cell Signaling, 2561), CDK3 (abcam, ab135805), CDK4 (Cell Signaling, 2906), CDK4-pThr172 (Invitrogen, PA-64482), CDK5 (Cell Signaling, 2506), CDK6 (Cell Signaling, 13331), CDK6-pTyr13 (biorbyt, orb15013), CDK6-pTyr24 (biorbyt, orb15014), CHK2 (Cell Signaling, 3440), CHK2-pThr68 (Cell Signaling, 2661), c-MYC (Cell Signaling, 9402), c-MYC-pThr58 (ThermoFisher, PA5-37654), c-MYC-pThr62/Ser62 (abcam, ab32029), cyclin A (abcam, ab53054), cyclin B1 (abcam, ab32053), cyclin D1 (Cell Signaling, 2926), cyclin D1-pThr286 (ThermoFisher, PA5-37487), cyclin D2 (Cell Signaling, 3741), cyclin D3 (Cell Signaling, 2936), cyclin E1 (Cell Signaling, 4129), cyclin E2 (Cell Signaling, 4132), E2F-2 (Millipore, DR1095), E2F-4 (biorbyt, orb10571), histone H3-pSer28 (Millipore, 07–145), hisotne H3-pSer10 (Cell Signaling, 9701), MCM2 (Cell Signaling, 3619), MCM2-pSer139 (Cell Signaling, 8861), MDM2 (Santa Cruz, sc-965), MDM2-pSer166 (Cell Signaling, 3521), p16 (ProteinTech Group, 10883-1-AP), p21 (Cell Signaling, 2947), p27 (Cell Signaling, 3698), p53 (Santa Cruz, sc-126), p53-pSer37 (Cell Signaling, 9289), p53-pSer15 (Cell Signaling, 9284), RB (Cell Signaling, 9313), RB-pSer807/Ser811 (Cell Signaling, 8516), RB-pSer780 (Cell Signaling, 3590), RB-pSer608 (Cell Signaling, 8147), RB-pSer795 (Cell Signaling, 9301), RBPSUH (Cell Signaling, 5313), RPA2 p34 (Millipore, 04–1481), Survivin (Cell Signaling, 2802), TOPK (Cell Signaling, 4942), and TOPO 2 alpha (Santa Cruz, sc-13058). .. In order to overexpress either 3xFLAG tag alone or 3xFLAG-AMBRA1 in ATRT cells, we first generated lentiviral plasmids N174-MCS (Puro) (Addgene #81068) carrying either 3xFLAG or 3xFLAG-AMBRA1.

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors.
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies used in this study for western blotting were the following: CDK4 (abcam, ab199728), CDK6 (Cell Signaling, 13331), cyclin D1 (Cell Signaling, 55506), cyclin D2 (Cell Signaling, 3741), cyclin D3 (Cell Signaling, 2936), cyclin E1 (Cell Signaling, 20808), cyclin E2 (Cell Signaling, 4132), GAPDH (Cell Signaling 2118), Vinculin (Cell Signaling, 13901), β-tubulin (Cell Signaling, 86298), AMBRA1 (Cell Signaling, 24907), AURKA (Cell Signaling, 14475), AURKB (Cell Signaling, 3094), CDK1 (Cell Signaling, 77055), LC3B (Cell Signaling, 83506), PDGFR β (Cell Signaling, 3169), DDB1 (Cell Signaling, 6998), CUL4A (Cell Signaling, 2699), FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich, F7425), His (addgene, 184180). ..

    Article Title: Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies used in this study for western blotting were the following: CDK4 (abcam, ab199728), CDK6 (Cell Signaling, 13331), cyclin D1 (Cell Signaling, 55506), cyclin D2 (Cell Signaling, 3741), cyclin D3 (Cell Signaling, 2936), cyclin E1 (Cell Signaling, 20808), cyclin E2 (Cell Signaling, 4132), GAPDH (Cell Signaling 2118), Vinculin (Cell Signaling, 13901), β-tubulin (Cell Signaling, 86298), AMBRA1 (Cell Signaling, 24907), AURKA (Cell Signaling, 14475), AURKB (Cell Signaling, 3094), CDK1 (Cell Signaling, 77055), LC3B (Cell Signaling, 83506), PDGFR β (Cell Signaling, 3169), DDB1 (Cell Signaling, 6998), CUL4A (Cell Signaling, 2699), FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich, F7425), His (addgene, 184180). ..



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    Novus Biologicals aurora kinase b aurkb
    Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative <t>AURKB</t> phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.
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    Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative <t>AURKB</t> phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.
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    Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative <t>AURKB</t> phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.
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    95
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc anti aurkb t232
    Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative <t>AURKB</t> phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.
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    Image Search Results


    Two CREB1 target gene signatures correlate with outcomes (A) Analysis of gene coexpression in 1,084 samples of breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas) showed that AURKB, CDC20, CENPA, GGH, H2AC20, MND1, PRC1, and PSPH positively correlate with each other. (B) Expression of each of the eight CREB1-activated genes was dichotomized into high or low groups based on the median expression across all patients, and assigned a score of 1 (high) or 0 (low). A composite gene score (GS) was calculated as the sum of individual gene scores, yielding values from 0 to 8 . Patients with GSs 7–8 were defined as GS high and those with GSs 0–6 as GS low. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank testing indicates the CREB1-activated GS-high patients had significantly shorter OS ( p = 0.041) compared with GS-low patients. (C) Analysis of gene coexpression in 1,084 samples of breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas) showed that NR2F1 positively correlated with the CREB1-repressed genes while negatively correlated with the CREB1-activated genes. (D) The 8 CREB1-repressed genes were scored similarly as described in (B). Patients with GSs 5–8 were defined as GS high, and those with GSs 0–4 as GS low. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank testing indicates the CREB1-repressed GS-high patients had significantly prolonged OS ( p = 0.040) compared with GS-low patients.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Dormancy exit correlates with CREB1 reactivation that is a potential target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in ER + breast cancer cells

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115610

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Two CREB1 target gene signatures correlate with outcomes (A) Analysis of gene coexpression in 1,084 samples of breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas) showed that AURKB, CDC20, CENPA, GGH, H2AC20, MND1, PRC1, and PSPH positively correlate with each other. (B) Expression of each of the eight CREB1-activated genes was dichotomized into high or low groups based on the median expression across all patients, and assigned a score of 1 (high) or 0 (low). A composite gene score (GS) was calculated as the sum of individual gene scores, yielding values from 0 to 8 . Patients with GSs 7–8 were defined as GS high and those with GSs 0–6 as GS low. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank testing indicates the CREB1-activated GS-high patients had significantly shorter OS ( p = 0.041) compared with GS-low patients. (C) Analysis of gene coexpression in 1,084 samples of breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas) showed that NR2F1 positively correlated with the CREB1-repressed genes while negatively correlated with the CREB1-activated genes. (D) The 8 CREB1-repressed genes were scored similarly as described in (B). Patients with GSs 5–8 were defined as GS high, and those with GSs 0–4 as GS low. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank testing indicates the CREB1-repressed GS-high patients had significantly prolonged OS ( p = 0.040) compared with GS-low patients.

    Article Snippet: Of these, 296 patients with both clinical outcome data and pre-treatment tumor RNAseq data were included in the analysis. mRNA expression levels (TPM) for AURKB, CDC20, CENPA, GGH, H2AC20, MND1, PRC1, and PSPH (CREB1-activated genes) as well as NR2F1, BTG2, FLRT2, SPRY1, NR4A2, GAS1, HOXA5, and STAT5B (CREB1-repressed genes) were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas ( https://www.proteinatlas.org ).

    Techniques: Expressing

    Induced Aurkb expression in mouse microglia during early development and AURKB expression in human microglia in multiple sclerosis (A) t-SNE plot of scRNA-seq data ( GSE121654 ) showing Aurkb expression in mouse microglia across various developmental stages. Embryonic day 14.5, E14.5; Postnatal, P. (B) Violin plot from scRNA-seq data ( GSE123025 ) depicting Aurkb expression in microglia from E14.5, P7, and P60. (C) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia at P1, P7, P14, and P28 ( n = 3 mice per time point). (D) Violin plot from scRNA-seq data ( GSE207570 , GSE204755 ) depicting Aurkb expression in microglia from naive and CPZ-treated mice across demyelination and remyelination stages. (E) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification plot (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia from naive and CPZ-treated mice during the demyelination stage ( n = 5 mice per group). f) Violin plot shows the expression of AURKB and MKI67 in microglia from control and multiple sclerosis (MS) cohorts (public scRNA-seq dataset GSE301908 ). Data are presented as the mean ± SD; Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (E). ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the naive group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Induced Aurkb expression in mouse microglia during early development and AURKB expression in human microglia in multiple sclerosis (A) t-SNE plot of scRNA-seq data ( GSE121654 ) showing Aurkb expression in mouse microglia across various developmental stages. Embryonic day 14.5, E14.5; Postnatal, P. (B) Violin plot from scRNA-seq data ( GSE123025 ) depicting Aurkb expression in microglia from E14.5, P7, and P60. (C) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia at P1, P7, P14, and P28 ( n = 3 mice per time point). (D) Violin plot from scRNA-seq data ( GSE207570 , GSE204755 ) depicting Aurkb expression in microglia from naive and CPZ-treated mice across demyelination and remyelination stages. (E) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification plot (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia from naive and CPZ-treated mice during the demyelination stage ( n = 5 mice per group). f) Violin plot shows the expression of AURKB and MKI67 in microglia from control and multiple sclerosis (MS) cohorts (public scRNA-seq dataset GSE301908 ). Data are presented as the mean ± SD; Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (E). ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the naive group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Two Tailed Test

    Aurkb deficiency reduces microglial density and induces dystrophy in adult mice (A) Schematic of microglial Aurkb conditional knockout strategy. (B and C) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia ( n = 6 mice per genotype); (C) representative immunofluorescence and d) quantification of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions from 8-week-old (8W) Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). SVZ, subventricular zone; CC, corpus callosum; CA, Cornu Ammonis; DG, dentate gyrus. (E–F) Representative images and quantification of microglial processes and branch intersections by combined Sholl, skeletal, and fractal analysis ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars:10 μm). Three microglia per mouse were quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD; Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (B); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (D); linear mixed-effects models for continuous data and negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models for count data, with repeated measures from the same mouse accounted for as a random effect, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise tests in (F); ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Aurkb deficiency reduces microglial density and induces dystrophy in adult mice (A) Schematic of microglial Aurkb conditional knockout strategy. (B and C) Representative Western blot images (upper panel) and quantification (lower panel) of Aurkb expression in microglia ( n = 6 mice per genotype); (C) representative immunofluorescence and d) quantification of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions from 8-week-old (8W) Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). SVZ, subventricular zone; CC, corpus callosum; CA, Cornu Ammonis; DG, dentate gyrus. (E–F) Representative images and quantification of microglial processes and branch intersections by combined Sholl, skeletal, and fractal analysis ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars:10 μm). Three microglia per mouse were quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD; Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (B); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (D); linear mixed-effects models for continuous data and negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models for count data, with repeated measures from the same mouse accounted for as a random effect, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise tests in (F); ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test

    Neonatal Aurkb deletion disrupts microglial development (A) Schematic of tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible microglial Aurkb knockout strategy. (B) Experimental timeline: TAM injections at P1-P3, BrdU pulses at P10 (every 24 h for 3 days), and tissue collection at P13. (C) Western blot (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of Aurkb in microglia ( n = 3 mice per genotype). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (E) Representative immunofluorescence images (left panel) and corresponding quantification (right panel) of BrdU + (proliferation) and TUNEL + (apoptosis) microglia (Iba-1 + ) at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype). Scale bars: 50 μm). (F) Representative flow cytometric images (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of apoptotic microglia (Annexin V + ) at P13 ( n = 8 mice per genotype). (G and H) Western blot ( n = 3 mice per genotype) and H) immunofluorescence analyses of phospho-histone H3 (pH3) in microglia (Iba-1 + ) at P13 ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (C, F, G, and H); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (D and E); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Neonatal Aurkb deletion disrupts microglial development (A) Schematic of tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible microglial Aurkb knockout strategy. (B) Experimental timeline: TAM injections at P1-P3, BrdU pulses at P10 (every 24 h for 3 days), and tissue collection at P13. (C) Western blot (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of Aurkb in microglia ( n = 3 mice per genotype). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (E) Representative immunofluorescence images (left panel) and corresponding quantification (right panel) of BrdU + (proliferation) and TUNEL + (apoptosis) microglia (Iba-1 + ) at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype). Scale bars: 50 μm). (F) Representative flow cytometric images (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of apoptotic microglia (Annexin V + ) at P13 ( n = 8 mice per genotype). (G and H) Western blot ( n = 3 mice per genotype) and H) immunofluorescence analyses of phospho-histone H3 (pH3) in microglia (Iba-1 + ) at P13 ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (C, F, G, and H); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (D and E); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also . See for uncropped blots.

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, TUNEL Assay, Two Tailed Test

    Inducible Aurkb ablation in adult mice impairs microglial homeostasis (A–F) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates (8-week-old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days, followed by tissue collection at 1-month and 3-month post TAM induction. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions at A) 1-month and D) 3-month post-tamoxifen induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). The morphology analysis of microglial processes and branch intersections by combined Sholl, skeletal, and fractal analysis. (B–C) 1-month and e-f) 3-month post-TAM induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 10 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (A and D); linear mixed-effects models for continuous data and negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models for count data, with repeated measures from the same mouse accounted for as a random effect, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise tests in (C–F); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also .

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Inducible Aurkb ablation in adult mice impairs microglial homeostasis (A–F) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates (8-week-old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days, followed by tissue collection at 1-month and 3-month post TAM induction. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of microglial density (Iba-1 + ) across CNS regions at A) 1-month and D) 3-month post-tamoxifen induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). The morphology analysis of microglial processes and branch intersections by combined Sholl, skeletal, and fractal analysis. (B–C) 1-month and e-f) 3-month post-TAM induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 10 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (A and D); linear mixed-effects models for continuous data and negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models for count data, with repeated measures from the same mouse accounted for as a random effect, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise tests in (C–F); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also .

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Injection, Immunofluorescence

    Aurkb loss transiently elevates CD68 in homeostatic microglia but compromises its upregulation in an LPS-induced inflammation model (A–D) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates (8-week-old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days, followed by tissue collection at 1-month and 3-month post TAM induction. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of CD68 in microglia at (A and B) 1-month and (C and D) 3-month post-TAM induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype per time point, Scale bars: 50 μm). (E–H) Neonatal Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates were i.p. injected with TAM for 3 consecutive days at P1-P3, followed by tissue collection at P13. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of (E and F) CD68 and (G and H) CD206 in microglia at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (I and J) Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of CD68 in microglia from adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). The representative immunofluorescence image of the Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl group is shared in C. (K and L) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates were i.p. injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 48 h post LPS administration ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (B, D, J, and I); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (F, H); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also and .

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Aurkb loss transiently elevates CD68 in homeostatic microglia but compromises its upregulation in an LPS-induced inflammation model (A–D) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates (8-week-old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days, followed by tissue collection at 1-month and 3-month post TAM induction. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of CD68 in microglia at (A and B) 1-month and (C and D) 3-month post-TAM induction ( n = 5 mice per genotype per time point, Scale bars: 50 μm). (E–H) Neonatal Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates were i.p. injected with TAM for 3 consecutive days at P1-P3, followed by tissue collection at P13. Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of (E and F) CD68 and (G and H) CD206 in microglia at P13 ( n = 6 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (I and J) Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of CD68 in microglia from adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). The representative immunofluorescence image of the Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl group is shared in C. (K and L) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 Cre/+ Aurkb fl/fl littermates were i.p. injected with LPS (1 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 48 h post LPS administration ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (B, D, J, and I); two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (F, H); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See also and .

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Injection, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test

    Aurkb deficiency in microglia disrupts remyelination and oligodendrocyte density in the CPZ-induced demyelination model (A) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice (2–3 months old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days. After one month, the mice were fed a 0.25% CPZ-enriched diet for 5 weeks to induce demyelination (CPZ group) or followed by a CPZ-free normal diet for an additional 2 weeks (Recovery group). The corpus callosum (CC) was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) and Black-Gold II myelin staining. (B and C) Representative Black-Gold II myelin staining images and quantification of myelin intensity ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 200 μm). (D–F) Representative immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of total Mbp and oligodendrocytes (Olig2 + ), and g-h) representative immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of mature oligodendrocytes (CC-1 + ) ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (C, E, F, and H); ∗∗ p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Aurkb deficiency in microglia disrupts remyelination and oligodendrocyte density in the CPZ-induced demyelination model (A) Adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice (2–3 months old) were i.p. injected with TAM for 5 consecutive days. After one month, the mice were fed a 0.25% CPZ-enriched diet for 5 weeks to induce demyelination (CPZ group) or followed by a CPZ-free normal diet for an additional 2 weeks (Recovery group). The corpus callosum (CC) was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) and Black-Gold II myelin staining. (B and C) Representative Black-Gold II myelin staining images and quantification of myelin intensity ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 200 μm). (D–F) Representative immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of total Mbp and oligodendrocytes (Olig2 + ), and g-h) representative immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of mature oligodendrocytes (CC-1 + ) ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (C, E, F, and H); ∗∗ p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, not significant compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group.

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Injection, Immunofluorescence, Staining

    Ablation of Aurkb in microglia reduces phagocytic clearance of myelin debris and zymosan and disrupts autophagic flux (A and B) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of microglia (Iba-1 + ) and degraded myelin debris (dMbp + ) in the CC of the control, CPZ, and Recovery groups from Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 50 μm). (C) In vivo Zymosan phagocytosis assay: adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice were pre-treated with TAM for 5 days. After one month, the mice subsequently received a stereotaxic injection of Zymosan-AF488 or PBS. Microglia from total brains were enriched 12 h post-injection for flow cytometric analysis. (D and E) Representative flow cytometric gating strategy and quantification (E) of microglia phagocytosing Zymosan (AF488 + ) ( n = 5 mice per genotype). (F) In vivo myelin debris phagocytosis assay: Mice received TAM as in (C), followed by the stereotaxic injection of Myelin-Dil. (G and H) Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of (H) phagocytic clearance of Myelin-Dil at 48 h post-injection ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (I) Western blot (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of P62 and LC3B Ⅰ/Ⅱ in microglia ( n = 3 mice per genotype). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (B); Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (E, H, and I); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See for uncropped blots.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Aurkb deficiency disrupts microglial development, homeostasis and hinders remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114718

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Ablation of Aurkb in microglia reduces phagocytic clearance of myelin debris and zymosan and disrupts autophagic flux (A and B) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of microglia (Iba-1 + ) and degraded myelin debris (dMbp + ) in the CC of the control, CPZ, and Recovery groups from Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice ( n = 5 mice per genotype per group, Scale bars: 50 μm). (C) In vivo Zymosan phagocytosis assay: adult Aurkb fl/fl and Cx3cr1 CreERT2/+ Aurkb fl/fl mice were pre-treated with TAM for 5 days. After one month, the mice subsequently received a stereotaxic injection of Zymosan-AF488 or PBS. Microglia from total brains were enriched 12 h post-injection for flow cytometric analysis. (D and E) Representative flow cytometric gating strategy and quantification (E) of microglia phagocytosing Zymosan (AF488 + ) ( n = 5 mice per genotype). (F) In vivo myelin debris phagocytosis assay: Mice received TAM as in (C), followed by the stereotaxic injection of Myelin-Dil. (G and H) Representative immunofluorescence and quantification of (H) phagocytic clearance of Myelin-Dil at 48 h post-injection ( n = 5 mice per genotype, Scale bars: 50 μm). (I) Western blot (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of P62 and LC3B Ⅰ/Ⅱ in microglia ( n = 3 mice per genotype). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons test in (B); Two-tailed unpaired t-tests in (E, H, and I); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the Aurkb fl/fl group. See for uncropped blots.

    Article Snippet: Mouse: Aurkb fl/fl (C57BL/6J background) , Cyagen Biosciences Inc , N/A.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Control, In Vivo, Phagocytosis Assay, Injection, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test

    Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative AURKB phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: AURKB-driven dissolution of CIZ1–RNA assemblies from the inactive X chromosome in mitosis

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag018

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dissolution of CIZ1–Xi assemblies in mitosis. ( A ) Model of CIZ1–RNA assemblies surrounding and protecting the modification status of underlying chromatin [ , ]. ( B ) Illustrative immunofluorescence images of female murine D3T3 cells stained for CIZ1 via N-terminal epitopes (CIZ1-N, red, detected with pAb 1794), revealing large protein assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (white arrows) that are not detected in mitosis. DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 µm. ( C ) Diagram illustrating loss in mitosis and the early G1 phase window during which reformation of CIZ1–Xi assemblies takes place, determined previously using cells that were synchronized in G1 phase by release from arrest with nocodazole . ( D ) Map showing conserved putative AURKB phosphorylation sites between murine and human CIZ1 (circles) displayed on full-length murine CIZ1 ( NP_082688.1 .) The location of epitopes of CIZ1 antibodies used throughout is shown above. Conserved prion-like domains (PLD1 and PLD2) are in red , zinc fingers 1–3 in cyan (ZnF_C2H2 SM00355, ZF_C2H2 sd00020, and ZF_C2H2 sd00020), acidic region (Ac) in yellow, matrin-3 homology domain (MH3) in orange (ZnF_U1, smart00451), and h37/m38 amino-acid C-terminal tail in blue. The sequence context and identity of three conserved AURKB phosphorylation sites in the extreme C-terminus are shown. ( E ) Frequency of cells with CIZ1–Xi assemblies (red) or nucleus-wide SAFA (blue) in cells passing through the stages of mitosis indicated, for D3T3 cells and female primary embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs at p3), in the presence and absence of the AURKB kinase inhibitor barasertib at 0.1 and 1 µM. Results show the average of 3–4 independent replicates within one experiment for each line, with SEM. n indicates the number of nuclei inspected (PEF grey, 3T3 black). Statistical analysis of CIZ1–Xi frequency in anaphase cells shows one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test within each cell type, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Below, example immunofluorescence images of D3T3 cells through mitosis, with and without 1 µM barasertib. Cells were stained for the N-terminal domains of CIZ1 (CIZ1-N, red) and SAFA (green). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 5 microns. ( F ) Upper histogram shows the proportion of cells with CIZ1-marked Xi in cycling populations of female D3T3 cells after the indicated times exposed to 300 nM Okadaic acid, visualized via CIZ1-N (red). Lower, histograms show the effect of the indicated concentrations of tautomycin for 15 h, stained for CIZ1-N or the ‘tail’ epitope in the C-terminal end of CIZ1 (CIZ1-C, rabbit pAb). Comparison of technical replicates is by t-test, where * <.05, ** <.01, *** <.001. Error bars show SEM. Below, example images showing H3K27me3-marked Xi chromatin in cells stained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C at 15 h with or without tautomycin. Bar is 5 microns.

    Article Snippet: Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) , Novus (NBP2-50039).

    Techniques: Dissolution, Modification, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Phospho-proteomics, Zinc-Fingers, Sequencing, Comparison

    The C-terminal tail specifies nuclear immobilization and limits aggregation. ( A ) Immunofluorescence images showing female murine fibroblasts transfected with full-length mouse GFP-845, or derived constructs m845 Δ15 (lacking the C-terminal 15 amino acids), m845 DDD or m845 AAA (green). Cells were co-stained for H3K27me3 (red). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 10 microns. ( B ) Frequency of nuclei containing large (non-Xi) CIZ1 aggregates, shown as percentage of cells transfected. Results are shown with (+) and without (−) prefixation detergent wash (Det.). n = transfected nuclei counted. ( C ) Schematic showing the C-terminal portion of CIZ1, GFP-mC275 and derived GFP-mC275 DDD , and their use in 48 h transient expression experiments to assess their ability to assemble into detergent-resistant structures . Below, example images of transfected nuclei. Histograms show retention frequency in male (N = 2) and female (N = 2) CIZ1 null primary embryonic fibroblasts that were transfected (green). n denotes technical replicates for each cell population, with number of nuclei scored in parentheses. ( D ) Illustration displaying the effect of AURKB site cluster phosphomimic (P) on CIZ1’s association with chromatin and associated detergent-resistant nuclear structures.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: AURKB-driven dissolution of CIZ1–RNA assemblies from the inactive X chromosome in mitosis

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag018

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The C-terminal tail specifies nuclear immobilization and limits aggregation. ( A ) Immunofluorescence images showing female murine fibroblasts transfected with full-length mouse GFP-845, or derived constructs m845 Δ15 (lacking the C-terminal 15 amino acids), m845 DDD or m845 AAA (green). Cells were co-stained for H3K27me3 (red). DNA is shown in blue, bar is 10 microns. ( B ) Frequency of nuclei containing large (non-Xi) CIZ1 aggregates, shown as percentage of cells transfected. Results are shown with (+) and without (−) prefixation detergent wash (Det.). n = transfected nuclei counted. ( C ) Schematic showing the C-terminal portion of CIZ1, GFP-mC275 and derived GFP-mC275 DDD , and their use in 48 h transient expression experiments to assess their ability to assemble into detergent-resistant structures . Below, example images of transfected nuclei. Histograms show retention frequency in male (N = 2) and female (N = 2) CIZ1 null primary embryonic fibroblasts that were transfected (green). n denotes technical replicates for each cell population, with number of nuclei scored in parentheses. ( D ) Illustration displaying the effect of AURKB site cluster phosphomimic (P) on CIZ1’s association with chromatin and associated detergent-resistant nuclear structures.

    Article Snippet: Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) , Novus (NBP2-50039).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Transfection, Derivative Assay, Construct, Staining, Expressing

    AURKB site modification in mitosis. ( A ) Western blot showing denatured proteins in whole cell lysates collected from untransfected D3T3 cells, or populations expressing full-length mouse GFP-m845 WT or GFP-m845 DDD , after immunostaining for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C (tail epitope), or β-actin, and GFP as indicated. ( B ) Western blot showing denatured endogenous proteins in chemically treated D3T3 cells to achieve cell cycle enrichment in mitosis (M, nocodazole), S phase (S, thymidine), or a phosphatase-suppressed state (okadaic acid). Immunoblotting for C-terminal tail and N-terminal CIZ1 indicates a reduction in tail epitope, compared to untreated cells, during arrest in metaphase, or after phosphatase inhibition. Histone H3 is shown as a loading control. Cy, cycling. ( C ) Illustration showing data interpretation in which the CIZ1 tail AURKB site cluster is phosphorylated in mitosis, driving dispersal of CIZ1 from Xi assemblies. ( D ) Female D3T3 cells in stages of mitosis as indicated, immunostained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C and co-stained for SAFA. Right, histograms show frequency of retention in interphase (I), prophase (P), metaphase (M), or anaphase (A), where N indicates replicate analyses and n nuclei scored. Lower, by metaphase CIZ1-N and CIZ1-C are significantly different ( P < .00017), student’s t-test. ( E ) Experimental overview of in vitro kinase reactions using purified recombinant human CIZ1 C-terminal fragment C179 and purified AURKB. Middle, products analysed by western blot with C-terminal CIZ1 epitope-defined antibodies, showing changes in reactivity in response to exposure to increasing concentrations of AURKB kinase. Graph shows band intensities relative to untreated C179 control. Products were also analysed by mass spectrometry .

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: AURKB-driven dissolution of CIZ1–RNA assemblies from the inactive X chromosome in mitosis

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag018

    Figure Lengend Snippet: AURKB site modification in mitosis. ( A ) Western blot showing denatured proteins in whole cell lysates collected from untransfected D3T3 cells, or populations expressing full-length mouse GFP-m845 WT or GFP-m845 DDD , after immunostaining for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C (tail epitope), or β-actin, and GFP as indicated. ( B ) Western blot showing denatured endogenous proteins in chemically treated D3T3 cells to achieve cell cycle enrichment in mitosis (M, nocodazole), S phase (S, thymidine), or a phosphatase-suppressed state (okadaic acid). Immunoblotting for C-terminal tail and N-terminal CIZ1 indicates a reduction in tail epitope, compared to untreated cells, during arrest in metaphase, or after phosphatase inhibition. Histone H3 is shown as a loading control. Cy, cycling. ( C ) Illustration showing data interpretation in which the CIZ1 tail AURKB site cluster is phosphorylated in mitosis, driving dispersal of CIZ1 from Xi assemblies. ( D ) Female D3T3 cells in stages of mitosis as indicated, immunostained for CIZ1-N or CIZ1-C and co-stained for SAFA. Right, histograms show frequency of retention in interphase (I), prophase (P), metaphase (M), or anaphase (A), where N indicates replicate analyses and n nuclei scored. Lower, by metaphase CIZ1-N and CIZ1-C are significantly different ( P < .00017), student’s t-test. ( E ) Experimental overview of in vitro kinase reactions using purified recombinant human CIZ1 C-terminal fragment C179 and purified AURKB. Middle, products analysed by western blot with C-terminal CIZ1 epitope-defined antibodies, showing changes in reactivity in response to exposure to increasing concentrations of AURKB kinase. Graph shows band intensities relative to untreated C179 control. Products were also analysed by mass spectrometry .

    Article Snippet: Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) , Novus (NBP2-50039).

    Techniques: Modification, Western Blot, Expressing, Immunostaining, Inhibition, Control, Staining, In Vitro, Purification, Recombinant, Mass Spectrometry

    Interaction between CIZ1 dimer and RNA is regulated by AURKB sites in the C-terminal tail. ( A ) Schematic of h/m CIZ1 showing conserved domains, in yellow (acidic domain), orange (MH3 dimerization domain), and blue (unstructured tail h37/m38 C-terminal amino acids). Below, human C-terminal (C179) fragments, and derived mutants used as bait fragments in interaction studies, including C179 Δtail and phosphomimic C179 DDD . Below, C-terminal fragment encompassing the Zn finger motifs used for modelling (green, C305). Left, SDS–PAGE gels showing purified protein preparations stained with Coomassie Blue, or probed with anti-CIZ1 mAb 87, which recognizes all three proteins, or anti-CIZ1 tail pAb, which recognizes an epitope deleted in C179 Δtail and mutated in C179 DDD . ( B ) SEC-MALLS, showing normalized UV absorbance at 280 nm and molar mass (dotted line) for human CIZ1-C179 (blue), and human CIZ1-C179 Δtail (orange). ( C ) SEC-MALLS chromatogram showing normalized UV absorbance at 280 nm and molar mass (dotted line) for equivalent murine fragment C181 (black), and derived deletion mutant lacking the matrin 3 homology domain (C181 ΔMH3 , yellow). ( D ) Summary of measured molecular masses, indicating that the C-terminal fragment forms a stable dimer that is dependent on the MH3 domain but not the tail region. ( E ) AlphaFold dimer structure predictions of MH3 domain, showing human CIZ1 aa 779–838 uniprot Q9ULV3-1 (blue) and murine CIZ1 aa 725–785 uniprot Q8VEH2 (cyan). The domain forms a tight dimer with monomer–monomer interactions involving main chain hydrogen bonding between β-strands of the two MH3-type Zn finger motifs. ( F ) Example electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showing the effect of C179, C179 Δtail , and C179 DDD on the mobility of digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled Xist repeat E RNA probe (left, 0.66 nM) or GAPDH RNA (right, 0.65 nM). Below, immunoblots of EMSA membranes using CIZ1 anti-MH3 domain antibody. Above, murine Xist structure and the derived Xist repeat E RNA probe used in EMSAs. Right, quantification of binding based on the fraction of shifted probe, derived from three replicate experiments (see also ). Graphs show means ± SEM. ( G ) AlphaFold-Multimer [ , ] structure prediction of human C-terminal aa 592–898 (hC306), showing the highest-ranking prediction, in which the acidic domains (yellow) are exposed and the unstructured tails (blue) extend from the core. ( H ) Model, depicting CIZ1 homodimers interacting with chromosome-associated RNAs via its C-terminal tails, with N-terminal PLD domains available for association with other proteins or other RNAs (left). Right, shows AURKB-mediated phosphorylation driving release from chromosome-associated RNA. In vitro in interphase this results in PLD-driven CIZ1 aggregation.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: AURKB-driven dissolution of CIZ1–RNA assemblies from the inactive X chromosome in mitosis

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag018

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction between CIZ1 dimer and RNA is regulated by AURKB sites in the C-terminal tail. ( A ) Schematic of h/m CIZ1 showing conserved domains, in yellow (acidic domain), orange (MH3 dimerization domain), and blue (unstructured tail h37/m38 C-terminal amino acids). Below, human C-terminal (C179) fragments, and derived mutants used as bait fragments in interaction studies, including C179 Δtail and phosphomimic C179 DDD . Below, C-terminal fragment encompassing the Zn finger motifs used for modelling (green, C305). Left, SDS–PAGE gels showing purified protein preparations stained with Coomassie Blue, or probed with anti-CIZ1 mAb 87, which recognizes all three proteins, or anti-CIZ1 tail pAb, which recognizes an epitope deleted in C179 Δtail and mutated in C179 DDD . ( B ) SEC-MALLS, showing normalized UV absorbance at 280 nm and molar mass (dotted line) for human CIZ1-C179 (blue), and human CIZ1-C179 Δtail (orange). ( C ) SEC-MALLS chromatogram showing normalized UV absorbance at 280 nm and molar mass (dotted line) for equivalent murine fragment C181 (black), and derived deletion mutant lacking the matrin 3 homology domain (C181 ΔMH3 , yellow). ( D ) Summary of measured molecular masses, indicating that the C-terminal fragment forms a stable dimer that is dependent on the MH3 domain but not the tail region. ( E ) AlphaFold dimer structure predictions of MH3 domain, showing human CIZ1 aa 779–838 uniprot Q9ULV3-1 (blue) and murine CIZ1 aa 725–785 uniprot Q8VEH2 (cyan). The domain forms a tight dimer with monomer–monomer interactions involving main chain hydrogen bonding between β-strands of the two MH3-type Zn finger motifs. ( F ) Example electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showing the effect of C179, C179 Δtail , and C179 DDD on the mobility of digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled Xist repeat E RNA probe (left, 0.66 nM) or GAPDH RNA (right, 0.65 nM). Below, immunoblots of EMSA membranes using CIZ1 anti-MH3 domain antibody. Above, murine Xist structure and the derived Xist repeat E RNA probe used in EMSAs. Right, quantification of binding based on the fraction of shifted probe, derived from three replicate experiments (see also ). Graphs show means ± SEM. ( G ) AlphaFold-Multimer [ , ] structure prediction of human C-terminal aa 592–898 (hC306), showing the highest-ranking prediction, in which the acidic domains (yellow) are exposed and the unstructured tails (blue) extend from the core. ( H ) Model, depicting CIZ1 homodimers interacting with chromosome-associated RNAs via its C-terminal tails, with N-terminal PLD domains available for association with other proteins or other RNAs (left). Right, shows AURKB-mediated phosphorylation driving release from chromosome-associated RNA. In vitro in interphase this results in PLD-driven CIZ1 aggregation.

    Article Snippet: Aurora Kinase B (AURKB) , Novus (NBP2-50039).

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, SDS Page, Purification, Staining, Mutagenesis, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Western Blot, Binding Assay, Phospho-proteomics, In Vitro